When is my pet considered a senior?

In animals, old age is usually referred to as that last 25 percent of their lifespan.  It is not just a chronological measurement of years, but it is a measurement of the functionality of the body systems subsequent to the effects of “aging” during those years.  In addition to number of years lived, aging is affected by such important factors as genetics, nutrition, and environment. 

We typically consider dogs and cats that are eight years and older seniors.  If  we were to be more technically correct, we would consider cats and small dogs (less than 20 pounds) to begin their senior years at nine years, medium sized dogs (21-59 pounds) at eight years, large dogs (60-90 pounds) at seven years, and giant dogs (greater than 91 pounds) at six years. 

What does it mean that genetics play a role in my pet’s lifespan?

Genetics first and major role is to determine a pet’s adult size.  It is known that smaller dogs live longer than larger dogs.  One study showed that only 13 percent of giant breed dogs lived past 10 years of age, and of those only 0.1 percent lived to be 15 years old.  This same study showed that 38 percent of small breed dogs lived to be 10 years old and 7 percent went on to be 15 or older.  “Longevity genes” also affect lifespan by more than just size; Siamese cats and Standard Poodles are known to have longer life expectancies than Persian cats, and Collies and Boxers have shorter life expectancies.

Why is it important to have my senior pet regularly seen by the veterinarian?

 Senior pets undergo aging changes in organs and tissues the same as elderly humans.  Older animals have a higher incidence of major organ failure, benign and malignant tumors, arthritis, and loss of special senses (especially hearing and vision).  Older animals develop more severe dental disease as they increase in age.

It has been documented that many chronic disorders in senior pets can be controlled if not resolved if found early enough.  This is why regular health exams with preventive health care are so important.

What are the benefits of a senior health care plan?

Pets today are living longer due to advances in veterinary medical care and nutrition, highly effective vaccination and heartworm prevention programs, a lower incidence of traumatic injuries, and better care provided by more informed pet owners.  

Health care recommendations vary from veterinary hospital to veterinary hospital.  In addition to the physical examination, most veterinarians recommend senior wellness screenings that include a complete blood count, a biochemistry panel, thyroid test, and urinalysis.  Some veterinarians also recommend thoracic radiographs (chest x-rays), electrocardiograph, and blood pressure check.  More specific tests may be recommended based on your pet’s current health status. 

What are some common diseases that are seen in senior pets?

Senior wellness plans for dogs help screen for a variety of common ailments.  These diseases include but are not limited to the following: hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, hyperadrenocorticism, hypoadrenocorticism, kidney disease, liver disease, arthritis, cataracts, and heart disease.  If you would like more information on any of these diseases, please check out the library page.

Senior cats have their own health problems, as they get older, to check for also.  These diseases include but are not limited to the following: hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, feline leukemia, feline immunodeficiency virus, and arthritis.  If you have any questions or concerns about any of these conditions, please contact your veterinarian or look into the library page. 

Should my pet’s diet change because he is getting older?

This is a common area of discussion in the veterinary field because there is always new research on the nutritional needs of our older pets.  Previous theories were that the senior pet foods needed to be low in protein to be easier on the liver and kidneys of older pets.  However, new theories are on the other side stating that senior pets should not have protein limited because they are losing lean muscle mass as they age, and they need the protein to help them slow down the loss of the muscle mass. 

The best idea is to discuss your pet’s condition with your veterinarian.  Obesity is a common disease in pets, so the best food for your pet may be a weight control or reducing diet.  There are also diets made for pets with specific diseases, such as kidney disease, liver disease, and heart disease.  There are diets for joint care and even for helping with the aging process and cognitive function. 

What are the signs of CDS?

            Disorientation

                        -Wanders aimlessly

                        -Appears lost or confused in house or yard

                        -Gets “stuck” in corners or under/behind furniture

                        -Stares into space or at walls

                        -Has difficulty finding the door; stands at hinge side of door

                        -Does not recognize familiar people

                        -Does not respond to verbal cues or name

                        -Appears to forget reason for going outdoors

            Interaction with family members

                        -Seeks attention less often

                        -Less likely to stand for petting; walks away while being petted

                        -Less enthusiasm upon greeting

                        -No longer greets family members

            Activity and sleep

                        -Sleeps more during the day

                        -Sleeps less during the night

                        -Decrease in wandering or pacing

                        -Barks at night for no reason

            Housetraining

                        -Urinates indoors

                        -Has accidents indoors soon after being outside

                        -Does not ask to go outside

It is important to understand that there are medical diseases that need to be ruled out prior to diagnosing your pet with CDS.  Some diseases share the same clinical signs as CDS.  There are medications, supplements, and diets that are created to help with CDS.  If you think that your pet is suffering from CDS, please contact you veterinarian.